      1 /*
      2     Copyright 2008-2025
      3         Matthias Ehmann,
      4         Michael Gerhaeuser,
      5         Carsten Miller,
      6         Bianca Valentin,
      7         Alfred Wassermann,
      8         Peter Wilfahrt
      9
     10     This file is part of JSXGraph.
     11
     12     JSXGraph is free software dual licensed under the GNU LGPL or MIT License.
     13
     14     You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the
     15
     16       * GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
     17         the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
     18         (at your option) any later version
     19       OR
     20       * MIT License: https://github.com/jsxgraph/jsxgraph/blob/master/LICENSE.MIT
     21
     22     JSXGraph is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     23     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     24     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     25     GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
     26
     27     You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License and
     28     the MIT License along with JSXGraph. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
     29     and <https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT/>.
     30  */
     31
     32 /*global JXG: true, define: true*/
     33 /*jslint nomen: true, plusplus: true*/
     34
     35 /**
     36  * @fileoverview In this file the namespace Math.Poly is defined, which holds algorithms to create and
     37  * manipulate polynomials.
     38  */
     39
     40 import JXG from "../jxg.js";
     41 import Mat from "./math.js";
     42 import Type from "../utils/type.js";
     43
     44 /**
     45  * The JXG.Math.Poly namespace holds algorithms to create and manipulate polynomials.
     46  * @name JXG.Math.Poly
     47  * @exports Mat.Poly as JXG.Math.Poly
     48  * @namespace
     49  */
     50 Mat.Poly = {};
     51
     52 /**
     53  * Define a polynomial ring over R.
     54  * @class
     55  * @name JXG.Math.Poly.Ring
     56  * @param {Array} variables List of indeterminates.
     57  */
     58 Mat.Poly.Ring = function (variables) {
     59     /**
     60      * A list of variables in this polynomial ring.
     61      * @type Array
     62      */
     63     this.vars = variables;
     64 };
     65
     66 JXG.extend(
     67     Mat.Poly.Ring.prototype,
     68     /** @lends JXG.Math.Poly.Ring.prototype */ {
     69         // nothing yet.
     70     }
     71 );
     72
     73 /**
     74  * Define a monomial over the polynomial ring <tt>ring</tt>.
     75  * @class
     76  * @name JXG.Math.Poly.Monomial
     77  * @param {JXG.Math.Poly.Ring} ring
     78  * @param {Number} coefficient
     79  * @param {Array} exponents An array of exponents, corresponding to ring
     80  */
     81 Mat.Poly.Monomial = function (ring, coefficient, exponents) {
     82     var i;
     83
     84     if (!Type.exists(ring)) {
     85         throw new Error("JSXGraph error: In JXG.Math.Poly.monomial missing parameter 'ring'.");
     86     }
     87
     88     if (!Type.isArray(exponents)) {
     89         exponents = [];
     90     }
     91
     92     exponents = exponents.slice(0, ring.vars.length);
     93
     94     for (i = exponents.length; i < ring.vars.length; i++) {
     95         exponents.push(0);
     96     }
     97
     98     /**
     99      * A polynomial ring.
    100      * @type JXG.Math.Poly.Ring
    101      */
    102     this.ring = ring;
    103
    104     /**
    105      * The monomial's coefficient
    106      * @type Number
    107      */
    108     this.coefficient = coefficient || 0;
    109
    110     /**
    111      * Exponent vector, the order depends on the order of the variables
    112      * in the ring definition.
    113      * @type Array
    114      */
    115     this.exponents = Type.deepCopy(exponents);
    116 };
    117
    118 JXG.extend(
    119     Mat.Poly.Monomial.prototype,
    120     /** @lends JXG.Math.Poly.Monomial.prototype */ {
    121         /**
    122          * Creates a deep copy of the monomial.
    123          *
    124          * @returns {JXG.Math.Poly.Monomial}
    125          *
    126          * @memberof JXG.Math.Poly.Monomial
    127          */
    128         copy: function () {
    129             return new Mat.Poly.Monomial(this.ring, this.coefficient, this.exponents);
    130         },
    131
    132         /**
    133          * Print the monomial.
    134          * @returns {String} String representation of the monomial
    135
    136          * @memberof JXG.Math.Poly.Monomial
    137          */
    138         print: function () {
    139             var s = [],
    140                 i;
    141
    142             for (i = 0; i < this.ring.vars.length; i++) {
    143                 s.push(this.ring.vars[i] + "^" + this.exponents[i]);
    144             }
    145
    146             return this.coefficient + "*" + s.join("*");
    147         }
    148     }
    149 );
    150
    151 /**
    152  * A polynomial is a sum of monomials.
    153  * @class
    154  * @name JXG.Math.Poly.Polynomial
    155  * @param {JXG.Math.Poly.Ring} ring A polynomial ring.
    156  * @param {String} str TODO String representation of the polynomial, will be parsed.
    157  */
    158 Mat.Poly.Polynomial = function (ring, str) {
    159     var parse = function () {},
    160         mons;
    161
    162     if (!Type.exists(ring)) {
    163         throw new Error(
    164             "JSXGraph error: In JXG.Math.Poly.polynomial missing parameter 'ring'."
    165         );
    166     }
    167
    168     if (Type.exists(str) && Type.isString(str)) {
    169         mons = parse(str);
    170     } else {
    171         mons = [];
    172     }
    173
    174     /**
    175      * A polynomial ring.
    176      * @type JXG.Math.Poly.Ring
    177      */
    178     this.ring = ring;
    179
    180     /**
    181      * List of monomials.
    182      * @type Array
    183      */
    184     this.monomials = mons;
    185 };
    186
    187 JXG.extend(
    188     Mat.Poly.Polynomial.prototype,
    189     /** @lends JXG.Math.Poly.Polynomial.prototype */ {
    190         /**
    191          * Find a monomial with the given signature, i.e. exponent vector.
    192          * @param {Array} sig An array of numbers
    193          * @returns {Number} The index of the first monomial with the given signature, or -1
    194          * if no monomial could be found.
    195          * @memberof JXG.Math.Poly.Polynomial
    196          */
    197         findSignature: function (sig) {
    198             var i;
    199
    200             for (i = 0; i < this.monomials.length; i++) {
    201                 if (Type.cmpArrays(this.monomials[i].exponents, sig)) {
    202                     return i;
    203                 }
    204             }
    205
    206             return -1;
    207         },
    208
    209         /**
    210          * Adds a monomial to the polynomial. Checks the existing monomials for the added
    211          * monomial's signature and just adds the coefficient if one is found.
    212          * @param {JXG.Math.Poly.Monomial} m
    213          * @param {Number} factor Either <tt>1</tt> or <tt>-1</tt>.
    214          * @memberof JXG.Math.Poly.Polynomial
    215          */
    216         addSubMonomial: function (m, factor) {
    217             var i;
    218
    219             i = this.findSignature(m.exponents);
    220             if (i > -1) {
    221                 this.monomials[i].coefficient += factor * m.coefficient;
    222             } else {
    223                 m.coefficient *= factor;
    224                 this.monomials.push(m);
    225             }
    226         },
    227
    228         /**
    229          * Adds another polynomial or monomial to this one and merges them by checking for the
    230          * signature of each new monomial in the existing monomials.
    231          * @param {JXG.Math.Poly.Polynomial|JXG.Math.Poly.Monomial} mp
    232          * @memberof JXG.Math.Poly.Polynomial
    233          */
    234         add: function (mp) {
    235             var i;
    236
    237             if (Type.exists(mp) && mp.ring === this.ring) {
    238                 if (Type.isArray(mp.exponents)) {
    239                     // mp is a monomial
    240                     this.addSubMonomial(mp, 1);
    241                 } else {
    242                     // mp is a polynomial
    243                     for (i = 0; i < mp.monomials.length; i++) {
    244                         this.addSubMonomial(mp.monomials[i], 1);
    245                     }
    246                 }
    247             } else {
    248                 throw new Error(
    249                     "JSXGraph error: In JXG.Math.Poly.polynomial.add either summand is undefined or rings don't match."
    250                 );
    251             }
    252         },
    253
    254         /**
    255          * Subtracts another polynomial or monomial from this one and merges them by checking for the
    256          * signature of each new monomial in the existing monomials.
    257          * @param {JXG.Math.Poly.Polynomial|JXG.Math.Poly.Monomial} mp
    258          * @memberof JXG.Math.Poly.Polynomial
    259          */
    260         sub: function (mp) {
    261             var i;
    262
    263             if (Type.exists(mp) && mp.ring === this.ring) {
    264                 if (Type.isArray(mp.exponents)) {
    265                     // mp is a monomial
    266                     this.addSubMonomial(mp, -1);
    267                 } else {
    268                     // mp is a polynomial
    269                     for (i = 0; i < mp.monomials.length; i++) {
    270                         this.addSubMonomial(mp.monomials[i], -1);
    271                     }
    272                 }
    273             } else {
    274                 throw new Error(
    275                     "JSXGraph error: In JXG.Math.Poly.polynomial.sub either summand is undefined or rings don't match."
    276                 );
    277             }
    278         },
    279
    280         /**
    281          * Creates a deep copy of the polynomial.
    282          * @returns {JXG.Math.Poly.Polynomial}
    283          * @memberof JXG.Math.Poly.Polynomial
    284          */
    285         copy: function () {
    286             var i, p;
    287
    288             p = new Mat.Poly.Polynomial(this.ring);
    289
    290             for (i = 0; i < this.monomials.length; i++) {
    291                 p.monomials.push(this.monomials[i].copy());
    292             }
    293             return p;
    294         },
    295
    296         /**
    297          * Prints the polynomial.
    298          * @returns {String} A string representation of the polynomial.
    299          * @memberof JXG.Math.Poly.Polynomial
    300          */
    301         print: function () {
    302             var s = [],
    303                 i;
    304
    305             for (i = 0; i < this.monomials.length; i++) {
    306                 s.push("(" + this.monomials[i].print() + ")");
    307             }
    308
    309             return s.join("+");
    310         }
    311     }
    312 );
    313
    314 export default Mat.Poly;
    315